WEATHER SAFETY 

A super-cell storm building over Oklahoma. Photo: NOAA

You should never leave the dock without first checking the local weather forecast. You can get the weather information from the TV, radio, local newspaper, on-line, or from one of the weather channels on your VHF radio.

At certain times of the year weather can change rapidly and you should continually keep a "weather eye" out.

What are a few signs you can look for that indicate an approaching weather change:

• Weather changes generally come for the west. Scan the sky with your weather eye, especially to the west.
  
• Watch for cloud build up, especially rapid vertically rising clouds.
  
• Sudden drop in temperature.
  
• Sudden change in wind direction and/or speed.
  
• If you have a barometer on your boat, check it every 2 to 3 hours. A rising barometer indicates fair weather and a rise in wind velocity; a falling barometer indicates stormy or rainy weather.

What to do in severe weather:

• Reduce speed, but keep just enough power to maintain headway.
  
• Put on your PFDs.
  
• Turn on running lights.
  
• Head for nearest shore that is safe to approach, if possible.
  
• Head bow of boat into the waves at about a 45-degree angle.
  
• Keep bilges free of water.
  
• Seat passengers on bottom of boat near centerline.
  
• If your engine fails, trail a sea anchor on a line from the bow to keep the boat headed into the waves. A bucket will work as a sea anchor in an emergency.
  
• Anchor the boat if necessary

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LIGHTNING SAFETY

Mesmering but deadly...
Lightning kills more people in the United States in a year than tornadoes. Mariners are particularly at risk. Marine vessels are often the tallest objects in a large open space. Seeking the tallest objects, lightning has blown out the bottom of boats and caused millions of dollars in damage to navigational equipment.

What is lightning?
Lightning is the result of the buildup and discharge of electrical energy. The air in a lightning strike is heated to 50,000 degrees fehrenheit. It is this rapid heating of the air that produces the shock wave that results in thunder.

A cloud-to-ground lightning strike begins as an invisible channel of electrically charged air moving from the cloud toward the ground. When one channel nears an object on the ground, a powerful surge of electricity from the ground moves upward to the clouds and produces the visible lightning strike.

The dangers of lightning poses a major threat to mariners. A direct lightning hit can damage or destroy vessels, overload navigational and other electronic systems, and electrocute crew and passengers.

How close is the lightning and is it coming my way?
You can tell how close you are to a lightning strike by counting the seconds between seeing the flash and hearing the thunder. For every five seconds you count, the lightning is one mile away. If you see a flash and instantly hear the thunder, the lightning stroke is very close. Take shelter immediately.

A hand bearing compass can be used to determine if you are in the path of a storm. By observing the storm's ground flashes and using a series of bearings, you can plot the approach of a thunderstorm. If the bearing of the flashes doesn't change, the average storm is heading toward you it is time to alter your course.

What to do when lightning threatens?

Before setting out on the water...
Before setting out to sea know what conditions to expect. Listen to a NOAA Weather Radio for weather information and plan your trip accordingly. If severe weather is approaching or forecast, the best bet is to stay ashore.

When thunderstorms threaten, mariners should stay away from the water, get to shore if already underway, get out of their vessels and seek shelter immediately inside a sturdy, closed building, vehicle or below decks.

Even when conditions look good, mariners should still leave a float plan with a marina or someone ashore and make sure they have an escape route planned in case of a thunderstorm cuts off the original course back to land. Conditions can change from good to bad very quickly.

Out on the water...
If a thunderstorm catches you while you are at sea, follow these safety guides:

• Keep away from metal objects not grounded to the vessel's protection system. Contact with them during a direct hit can cause electrocution.
• Wear a life jacket at all times. A victim struck by lightning can be rendered unconscious an fall overboard.
• Stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio for the latest warnings, watches, advisories, and forecasts form the local National Weather Service office.

Follow this link to go to the National Weather Service's "Lightning Safety" website for more "striking facts" about lightning....

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SOURCE: General weather safety information from the United States Coast Guard's Office of Boating Safety. Information on lightning safety from the NOAA / NWS Factsheet Volume 1, "Facts About Lightning", May 16, 2000.

This page was last updated on January 7, 2007
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